Creative De-anthropocentrism

Share Session and Discussion

Tuesday, 26 March 2024, 7 p.m. EST on Zoom

Four contributors to The Tubercled-Blossom Pearly Mussel Memorial Library of Hope, a Delisted 2023 collaboration, discussed strategies and challenges in creating art with and for nonhuman Earthlings. We are anti-disciplinary multimedia artists working in sound, sculpture, video, photography, drawing, and experimental writing. We share a commitment to celebrating and advocating for nonhuman Earthlings in all our work. We all tangle with the challenge of making nonhuman-centered art. Art as designed for humans by humans is inherently anthropocentric. For many years we have attempted to make de-anthropocentrism a driving force in our creative practices and found it to be a thoroughly worthwhile struggle. This panel described some of the challenges inherent to working creatively with nonhumans and how we’ve confronted those challenges in our work.

We invited our Delisted 2023 collaborators to actively participate in our discussion. Participants described their work for Delisted 2023 as well as challenges that they encountered along the way. The open share session inspired constructive conversations about how we can actively de-center the human and artist ego to make work that is truly about and for the more than human.

Below are some of the panelists’ remarks.

Panelists

Jennifer Calkins, Lee Deigaard, Kathryn Eddy, Janell O’Rourke, Mandy-Suzanne Wong

Moderators : Kathryn Eddy, Mandy-Suzanne Wong

Photo: Lee Deigaard

Mandy-Suzanne Wong

Anthropogenic art is anthropocentric too, inherently and in all its forms, as it is made by humans for humans. We artists, caretakers of The Tubercled-Blossom Pearly Mussel Memorial Library of Hope, have worked for years to make de-anthropocentrism a driving force in our creative practices. Why? Because other Earthlings exist.

Working with Delisted 2023 has reminded me yet again that a commitment to de-anthropocentrism is also quite a challenge. My thinking and practices are ever evolving in consequence.

I enjoy thinking and working with aquatic animals, with mollusks of all sorts. Many humans find it difficult to emotionally “connect with” mollusks and fishes because they’re so unlike ourselves. Humans tend to believe that fishes are without feelings, that they can’t even feel pain. We acquired and then indoctrinated this prejudice because fishes don’t have eyelids. Because they live in water, they don’t need eyelids to prevent their eyes from drying out. But it means that fishes cannot smile with their eyes. It isn’t with their eyes that fishes wince, that they show dubiousness or fear, all of which expressions are, in humans, largely functions of the eyelids. Isn’t it a sort of “ableist” hubris: to think that just because they don’t express themselves the way we do, these other Earthlings lack the ability to express themselves at all, even that they have nothing to express, being incapable of any sort of feeling?

Mussels do not have eyes. Their emotional expressions are completely illegible to us. How to empathize with them? I’d like to sit with this challenge.

There is much to learn from mussels in this respect. How to sit. How to be still and quiet. Receptive. Tarrying with what’s there. Very long thoughts. Buried in the sediment of a river with shells slightly parted, freshwater mussels caress the water with their cilia, filter interesting particles from the water, and sit with their particles, holding them, wondering them all over.

I don’t believe that acknowledging sentience, intelligence, and emotion in nonhuman Earthlings constitutes “anthropomorphism” or the projection of human qualities onto other beings. As a creative approach, then, instead of anthropomorphism, how about “musselomorphism” or “ichthyomorphism”? What if you couldn’t close your eyes? What would living feel like? What would sleep be like? What would the air feel like against your face? How would you express yourself without being able to narrow your eyes or throw them open wide?

How might an eyeless being express emotion? Options include gesture, vibration, chemical emission, and abilities beyond our ken. It’s not for any human to answer these questions. But we can wonder about them. Let the animals use our imaginations to teach us something about themselves.

Because others exist, they must be of concern. Imagination and speculation are creative interventions.

Especially with aquatic animals and invertebrates, the challenge is inviting them to teach me different ways of being in the world. The challenge is rethinking thinking, re-envisioning imagination. Imagining from different angles: not as usual but from oblique, abnormal, even weird perspectives. It’s far from easy to think outside received norms, outside one’s comfort zones. This is perhaps the greatest challenge of all. In order to think creatively with and alongside nonhuman Earthlings, what we need is not so much to “connect with” them as it is to disconnect from ourselves. We must disconnect from the ubiquitous, foundational, anthropocentric ways of thinking that reduce mussels and fishes to resources—to capital.

 

 

 

 

Kathryn Eddy

I consider my work successful when the viewer listener leaves the installation discussing the more than human and not me and the objects I have created. This is directly opposite the goals of artists competing in the established art world, an industry built around egos and gatekeepers. Traditionally, gallery owners, curators, and critics decide who and what is good and who and what isn’t. In recent years, university galleries and museums have stepped up and embraced critical animal studies and given artists, like me and all of the artists on this panel, an opportunity to share work with a different approach.

I decided a long time ago that I wanted to make work that decenters the human and that the only way that my work has a chance of doing this, I needed to overstep my own ego and make work that is not about me and my relationship with the “other” but instead about the more than human and their relationship with me. It is impossible to truly remove myself as I am obviously making the work: however, just being aware that the work is not about me, I can make work that listens to animals and doesn’t speak for them.

One of my least favorite terms is “speaking for animals.” We do not speak for them; we speak about them. Animals have their own language, and I am an eavesdropper. Having spent a great deal of time recording the voices of animals, I have tried to resist translation: I will never know what they are saying to each other. Animals have their own language, and my job is to provide a platform where we listen to them.  Humans are not and will never be at the center of my work, instead my work points out the many ways that humans have failed to respect all beings as equal in an animate world.

Delisted 2023 has given us the perfect opportunity to speak out about the beautiful beings that are now considered extinct. I like to think that there are still some Tubercled-Blossom Pearly Mussels out there that have not been discovered. For my project I am imagining them regrouping and able to send us the message we need to hear. I am sculpting and painting mussels to live in a mussel bed in the creek in front of my home. This installation will be photographed, filmed, and a sound piece made with underwater recordings.

Due to their demise being blamed on human land development, climate changes, and pollutants in the water (microplastics), these mussels will be made of plastic clay: as if they adapted to the microplastics and made a new protective shell utilizing the plastics inhaled from the water. In doing so, each shell will impart a message, sculpted onto the exterior of their shells, intended for us in a language we understand. I truly believe that if they could send us a message it would be “Fuck U” or “Why?”  

Why is this project de-anthropocentric? It all comes down to intention and fully internalizing and believing that this work is for them and is not about my abilities and ideas as an artist. If we are truthful to this concept, their message will come through.

 

 

 

 

Janell O’Rourke

Art is more than human. 

I'm a multimedia visual artist. So, these thoughts reflect my practice and use of materials.

Art making is one way to communicate without an obligation to human-generated language and it does not require language to represent it.  Art making is a fluid mutable thing. Its ally is intuition, it has its own time, its own vibration and I feel it does its best work when I let go of what I think I know about it. Art is multiple, there are no single meanings. The process of making is always a kind of becoming- transitions that are ephemeral, that for me is more than human. 

Because human beings have a word that names Art, for some it could be regarded as the domain of the human, but we all know that’s a limited and shallow understanding, nonhuman animals are creative world makers, world explorers and they make beautiful forms that are intentionally polymorphous. Art is about sharing. I feel comfort in the belief that the earth is alive and inherently creative; so, the concept of Art must apply to all sentient beings. 

I devote energy to learn from non-human animals. It feels natural that when we seek to get near to and open up our more-than-human senses to other animals, they can teach us a lot about different kinds of communication and creativity. Using imagination is an integral part of thinking ethically. I think of non-human animals as teachers and mentors, that’s why I make an effort to create art that does not judge, or merely illustrate a static depiction; representing Someone who is nonhuman requires a kind of sensory attention that displaces and resists our human-centricities and stereotypes. I think art requires an observational sensitivity that co-mingles poetic form with empathy. It helps me to imagine walking along a path as I try to shape an imaginary dream about someone I may have never met; when you’re actually in the piece it comes together, in veils, in layers. While it develops it has the potential to be many more things. My art making evolves over time, experimentation and discovery, it has no answers, it’s a collection of musings and marks—a mixture of perceptions.

 

 

 

 

Lee Deigaard

When working with or in proximity to living animals, the ethics I foreground are their comfort, interest, autonomy, ability to opt in or out, thresholds of impact or what my presence might keep them from. Beyond this, which is basic consideration and an approach centered in equality, is to think improvisationally, collaboratively, reciprocally, in being animal with animals. Inherent is submitting to their input, their creativity, their work as artists.

How do you do this when they are missing or they exist only in memory?

If, in this scenario, we are the holders of memory, how are we not foregrounded as messenger or vehicle, as protagonists of longing? Nothing we do matters to the dead. How and what we do could matter to the living, to the ongoingly vulnerable, to the threatened.

Imaginations (particularly in art contexts) to a certain extent need to trespass in order to probe and discover, to learn. How can we create under restraint? But also how can we create when we cause constraint? If our presumption only serves to encase or attempt to summarize another?

Approaching as a sharing rather than a claiming or a declaring opens up against classification (even as the very nature of a list (to be delisted) classifies). Names can be inclusions, a celebrating of, rather than a separation from. To recognize another is part of being seen in turn.

Those who have been lost remain nonetheless; they are part of the known world. Existence has nothing really to do with verb tense.

Working from a position of learning a memory into its “first” existence (what we didn’t know of or about them before) and into its “ongoing” existence (as memory, tribute, a different kind of continuance) one must never forget the value, the fealty inherent to loving even when it is too late.

Is it therefore pointless to remember, to live in memory, to create in memoriam? I do not think so.

It is not restitution nor is it restoration. What then?

Those of us who do this work must hold each other up.

If our work comes from us, how are we therefore not part of the work? And if we are part of it, how is it therefore not also about us? It will be. This is enmeshment.

Loving those we have lost does not consign us to the past. It holds space for what they have taught, for what they were that we have never known. It holds us to a continuance, past and future.

We are not executors of their estates; their legacy is beyond our ken. We are not mediums who conduct seances, channelings, or projections.

As artists and writers, we can model ways to be, we can show how to hold space, how to learn anew, how to not know and search further. Can we make work that does not preach but shares and enlarges, opens what can seem closed to others? Can our work contribute to a mesh of sensitivities to deepen interconnectivity and awarenesses?

But also we are artists; the work needs to be good.

It cannot be only a wail of pain. Or only tenderness. It needs to hold the life and the death. The crime. And what comes after. But also the origin and the ongoing, the renewing.

What does this look like?

We do not know. The artist suggests and asks, commits to abiding with the painful and uncomfortable over the declarative or summary.

We are not claiming the “last word”. We are doing whatever is the opposite of closing the chapter or the book. We are reading, best we can, through the page, into the benthos.

A coming to understand the vanished admittedly makes an opportunity of sorts for centering our own subjective experiences of grief and loss.

Witnessing, in the context of activism or of active caretaking, can seem like a passive position. But in the case of extinction, of catastrophic loss, deep witnessing comes close to abiding with, to aligning, to being present for, in holding stamina, in recognizing through emotion to know better, if always only in part. Clearsightedness is not always clinical. It can be an act of love.

Witnessing in porosity, then, can mean immersing ourselves (without intrusion) into the sensory world and abiding there without goal or plan.

It can be like meditating. It is an opening to as well as a consideration of our own smallness. That every life matters. Every living entity holds to life as best she can, generally, though not always, for as long as she can.

It can mean listening, as if to an empty shell, listening in silence as if for echoes. Listening to the absence.

In pondering all we don’t know is the immensity of abutting umwelts. Each of us regardless of species holds a part of the whole not held by any other. Each of us holds more in common, perhaps, than we can perceive.

Empathy and love begin in the imagination. The imagination is not solipsistic by nature (or does not have to be).

Holding in mind and memory, the activation of the imagination, cues an empathetic enlarging, which is not presumption of knowledge, but porosity.

What does this look like in practice? One considers one’s process and methods.
It’s not trophy claiming or flag planting or assertion of special insights.
Not making work to scold or shame but to make space for viewers to encounter and probe their own consciousness with respect to other consciousnesses.
To not try only foregrounds our human despair, our anthropogenic primogeniture.

The species that go extinct are vanishings along a continuum. All matter. All are grieved. We, with them, and they with us, are a constellation. All of us are stardust.

We are learning against and after our losses. This is not absolution (an anthropocentrism).

I say “our” not to center human animals, but to include us within a greater whole. If we allow always for our own unknowing, if we proceed in service and in love within a clustering of beings, voices, roles and senses, each of us holds pieces of and in part, we amplify and grow empathy collectively, we hold stamina and encourage courage. We work within immensities far beyond any scope we can measure. We work, we make work, however small, to show what matters.